BitGrail

2017-07-01

Alleged first unauthorized withdrawals from BitGrail: approximately 2.5 million Nano tokens lost. Firano acknowledges blacklisting related accounts on Twitter but does not formally disclose a breach.

2017-10-23

A further unauthorized withdrawal of 1,000,000 XRB is recorded in BitGrail's database at 1:22 AM GMT. Firano does not report the incident to authorities or users.

2018-01-01

BitGrail suspends Nano deposits and begins an internal audit, citing a suspected fund shortfall. Non-European users are banned; daily Bitcoin withdrawal limits are cut from 10 BTC to 1 BTC.

2018-02-06

Firano allegedly transfers approximately 230 Bitcoin (valued at roughly 1.7 million euros) from BitGrail accounts to his personal account at The Rock Trading exchange, three days before the public hack announcement.

2018-02-08

Firano shares an example of an unauthorized transaction with the Nano core development team for the first time.

2018-02-09

BitGrail publicly announces a hack via Twitter and its website, disclosing a shortfall of 17 million Nano tokens (approximately $170 million at prevailing prices). All transactions suspended. Nano core team publishes official statement rejecting protocol-level responsibility.

2018-02-11

Nano development team publishes 'BitGrail Insolvency Update' on Medium, stating no double-spending was detected on the Nano ledger and the loss is not attributable to the Nano protocol. Team declines Firano's alleged request to modify the Nano blockchain ledger.

2018-03-01

BitGrail files for bankruptcy in Italy.

2018-04-01

First US class-action lawsuit filed by investor Alex Brola alleging conspiracy between Nano core team and Firano to lure investors to the exchange.

2019-01-21

Italian Bankruptcy Court publishes ruling declaring both BitGrail and Francesco Firano personally bankrupt. Court orders seizure of Firano's personal assets (over $1 million seized, including his vehicle) and transfer of exchange crypto holdings to court-appointed trustees. Court finds BitGrail, not the Nano protocol, responsible for the security failure.

2019-01-01

Second US class-action lawsuit filed by law firms Silver Miller and Levi and Korsinsky on behalf of James Fabian, naming BitGrail and Nano Foundation as defendants and seeking a 'rescue fork.'

2019-04-07

Nano Foundation seeks dismissal of the 'rescue fork' class-action lawsuit.

2020-12-21

Italian Postal Police formally report allegations against Firano, charging him with computer fraud, fraudulent bankruptcy, and money laundering. Investigators allege he either actively participated in the theft or deliberately failed to improve security after discovering the initial breach.