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Sturdy V1

avoid.net/sturdy-v162/100·75% conf.
[AI-DRAFTED · AWAITING VERIFICATION][src:defillama]
anchored·2fBL2D…w3tK

Summary

Sturdy Finance V1 was a DeFi lending protocol that allowed users to earn yield on deposits while borrowers accessed interest-free loans backed by staked collateral. On June 12, 2023, an attacker exploited a read-only reentrancy vulnerability in the protocol's price oracle integration — a third-party flaw originating in Balancer — and drained approximately 442 ETH (roughly $800,000). Sturdy V1 paused markets immediately, reopened its stablecoin market within days, and later formally sunset V1 in favor of Sturdy V2, which launched in early 2024 with a redesigned, modular architecture and three additional audits.

Have evidence about Sturdy V1?

Timeline(14 events)

2021-08-01

Sturdy Finance founded by Sam Forman; included in Y Combinator W21 batch.

The Org / Crunchbase

2022-02-01

CertiK completes first security audit of Sturdy V1 smart contracts.

Sturdy V2 Security and Audits Docs

2022-03-01

Sturdy Finance raises $4.4M seed round from Pantera Capital, Y Combinator, SoftBank, KuCoin Ventures, and others.

Extruct AI / Crunchbase

2022-06-29

Code4rena completes competitive audit of Sturdy V1.

Sturdy V2 Security and Audits Docs

2022-12-13

Quantstamp completes first audit of Sturdy V1; report notes oracle risk outside audit scope.

Quantstamp Certificate

2023-02-15

Quantstamp completes second audit of Sturdy V1.

Sturdy V2 Security and Audits Docs

2023-06-12

Attacker exploits Balancer read-only reentrancy via the B-stETH-STABLE price oracle, draining approximately 442 ETH (~$800,000) from Sturdy V1. Sturdy pauses all markets. Stolen ETH deposited into Tornado Cash within 20 minutes.

CoinTelegraph / Rekt News

2023-06-13

Sturdy founder Sam Forman publicly addresses the incident; team offers $100,000 bounty for recovery assistance.

CoinTelegraph / CryptoNews

2023-06-15

Sturdy Finance reopens stablecoin market, approximately three days after the exploit.

CoinTelegraph

2023-09-15

Zellic completes audit of Sturdy V2 smart contracts.

Sturdy V2 Security and Audits Docs

2023-10-13

ChainSecurity completes audit of Sturdy V2 aggregator smart contracts.

ChainSecurity / Sturdy V2 Security and Audits Docs

2023-10-21

Spearbit completes audit of Sturdy V2 smart contracts.

Sturdy V2 Security and Audits Docs

2024-02-01

Sturdy V2 launches publicly with a modular, siloed-pair architecture across multiple chains.

Sturdy Medium / Curve Substack

2024-04-28

Sturdy governance forum publishes proposal to formally sunset Sturdy V1, citing 6+ months of inactivity and contributor-time drain.

Sturdy Governance Forum
Provenance & Audit Trail

Decision Log

  • #3review approve with notes+13⛓ pending8/18/2026, 8:31:17 PM
    hash: 368DFwkc1q1NoEDz4uzp9Syj21tGXzAt6eMjxoaKwkYP
  • #2review⛓ pending8/18/2026, 8:31:17 PM
    hash: 2TwDViSRps6STEF21feyXBLnkjbvXRu4NnbFQLBBz3Hb
  • #1publish⛓ anchored · slot 4229800075/29/2026, 5:03:34 PM
    hash: Fs5zX9XgYpnssc61ZtjEwpi1Dep3d8Mu2ARZJ7ijQMrS

This investigation is cryptographically anchored to the Solana blockchain (1 event). 11 of 18 cited source URLs have an Internet Archive snapshot.

model: claude-sonnet-4-6

generated: 5/4/2026, 2:54:41 AM

last updated: 8/19/2026, 6:33:34 AM

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